How To Learn Enable Dynamic Updates For DHCP Clients

How To Enable Dynamic Updates For DHCP Clients

1.Run DHCP from Start Menu > Programs > Administrative Tools > DHCP.
2.In the DHCP console tree, click the applicable DHCP server.
3.Click the Action menu and then click Properties.
4.In the Properties window, Click the DNS tab.
5.Select the Enable DNS dynamic updates according to the settings below check box, and then click the OK button.

"MS-SQL Questions" SQL could mean Oracle, DB2, MYSQL, etc.

Microsoft SQL Questions for Freshers : (1 to 10 parts included)

Part - 1


If I want to see what fields a table is made of, and what the sizes of the fields are, what option do I have to look for?


What is a query?


A SQL query is typed in the _________ .


What is the purpose of the model database?


What is the purpose of the master database?


What is the purpose of the tempdb database?


What is the purpose of the USE command?


If you delete a table in the database, will the data in the table be deleted too?


What is the Parse Query button used for? How does this help you?


Tables are created in a ____________________ in SQL Server 2005.


Part - 2

1. What is usually the first word in a SQL query?
2. Does a SQL Server 2005 SELECT statement require a FROM?
3. Can a SELECT statement in SQL Server 2005 be used to make an assignment? Explain with examples.
4. What is the ORDER BY used for?
5. Does ORDER BY actually change the order of the data in the tables or does it just change the output?
6. What is the default order of an ORDER BY clause?
7. What kind of comparison operators can be used in a WHERE clause?
8. What are four major operators that can be used to combine conditions on a WHERE clause? Explain the operators with examples.
9. What are the logical operators?
10. In a WHERE clause, do you need to enclose a text column in quotes? Do you need to enclose a numeric column in quotes?
11. Is a null value equal to anything? Can a space in a column be considered a null value? Why or why not?
12. Will COUNT(column) include columns with null values in its count?
13. What are column aliases? Why would you want to use column aliases? How can you embed blanks in column aliases?
14. What are table aliases?
15. What are table qualifiers? When should table qualifiers be used?
16. Are semicolons required at the end of SQL statements in SQL Server 2005?
17. Do comments need to go in a special place in SQL Server 2005?
18. When would you use the ROWCOUNT function versus using the WHERE clause?
19. Is SQL case-sensitive? Is SQL Server 2005 case-sensitive?
20. What is a synonym? Why would you want to create a synonym?
21. Can a synonym name of a table be used instead of a table name in a SELECT statement?
22. Can a synonym of a table be used when you are trying to alter the definition of a table?
23. Can you type more than one query in the query editor screen at the same time?

Part -3

1. The INSERT INTO .. VALUES option will insert rows into the _________ of a table.
2. While you are inserting values into a table with the INSERT INTO .. VALUES option, does the order of the columns in the INSERT statement have to be the same as the order of the columns in the table?
3. While you are inserting values into a table with the INSERT INTO .. SELECT option, does the order of the columns in the INSERT statement have to be the same as the order of the columns in the table?
4. When would you use an INSERT INTO .. SELECT option versus an INSERT INTO .. VALUES option? Give an example of each.
5. What does the UPDATE command do?
6. Can you change the data type of a column in a table after the table has been created? If so, which command would you use?
7. Will SQL Server 2005 allow you to reduce the size of a column?
8. What integer data types are available in SQL Server 2005?
9. What is the default value of an integer data type in SQL Server 2005?
10. What decimal data types are available in SQL Server 2005?
11. What is the difference between a CHAR and a VARCHAR datatype?
12. Does Server SQL treat CHAR as a variable-length or fixed-length column? Do other SQL implementations treat it in the same way?
13. If you are going to have too many nulls in a column, what would be the best data type to use?
14. When columns are added to existing tables, what do they initially contain?
15. What command would you use to add a column to a table in SQL Server?
16. In SQL Server, which data type is used to store large object data types?
17. If I do not need to store decimal places, what would be a good numeric data type to use?
18. If I need to store decimal places, but am not worried about rounding errors, what would be a good data type to use?
19. Should a column be defined as a FLOAT if it is going to be used as a primary key?

Part - 4

1. What is a join? Why do you need a join?
2. What is an INNER JOIN?
3. Which clause[s] can be used in place of the JOIN in Server SQL?
4. What is the Cartesian product?
5. What would be the Cartesian product of a table with 15 rows and another table with 23 rows?
6. List some uses of the Cartesian product.
7. What is an equi-join?
8. What is a non-equi-join? Give an example of an non-equi-join.
9. What is a self join? Give an example of a self join.
10. What is a LEFT OUTER JOIN?
11. What is a RIGHT OUTER JOIN?
12. What is a CROSS JOIN?
13. What is a FULL OUTER JOIN?
14. Does Server SQL allow the use of *= to perform outer joins?
15. What is the maximum number of rows that a self join can produce?
16. For what kinds of joins will the associative property hold?
17. What would be the Cartesian product of the two sets {a,b,c} and {c,d,e}?

Part - 5

1. What are functions?
2. What are aggregate functions? Give examples of aggregate functions. What is another term for an aggregate function?
3. What are row-level functions? Give examples of row-level functions.
4. Is COUNT an aggregate function or a row-level function? Explain why. Give at least one example of when the COUNT function may come in handy. Does the COUNT function take nulls into account?
5. Is AVG an aggregate function or a row-level function?
6. What is the NULLIF function? Explain.
7. How are ties handled in SQL Server?
8. How does the DISTINCT function work?
9. Are string functions (for example, SUBSTRING, RIGHT, LTRIM) aggregate functions or row-level functions?
10. What is the SUBSTRING function used for?
11. What is the CHARINDEX function used for?
12. What function would you use to find the leftmost characters in a string?
13. What are the LTRIM/RTRIM functions used for?
14. What function would produce the output in all lowercase?
15. What function would you use to find the length of a string?
16. What characters or symbols are most commonly used as wildcard characters in SQL Server 2005?
17. What is the concatenation operator in Server SQL 2005?
18. What does the YEAR function do?
19. What does the MONTH function do?
20. What does the GEtdATE function do?
21. What will the following query produce in SQL Server 2005?

    SELECT ('.....'+ names) AS [names]
    FROM Employee

22. Does Server SQL allow an expression like COUNT(DISTINCT column_name)?
23. How is the ISNULL function different from the NULLIF function?
24. What function would you use to round a value to three decimal places?
25. Which functions can the WITH TIES option be used with?
26. What clause does the WITH TIES option require?
27. What is the default date format in SQL Server 2005?
28. How do dates have to be entered in Server SQL 2005?
29. What function is used to convert between data types?
30. What function is useful for formatting numbers?
31. What function is useful for formatting dates?

Part - 6

1. Which has precedence, AND or OR?
2. Why do we need derived structures?
3. What is a view?
4. List some advantages of using views.
5. List some advantages of using temporary tables.
6. Can temporary tables replace views in all cases?
7. What is the difference between a view and temporary table?
8. What is the difference between a local temporary table and global temporary table?
9. If data is changed in a view, is it changed in the original table?
10. If data is changed in a temporary table, does it automatically change data in the original table?
11. What happens to local temporary tables after the session has been ended?
12. What happens to global temporary table after the session has been ended?
13. Which type of temporary table has a system-generated suffix attached to it? What does this suffix mean?
14. Why are inline views helpful?
15. In SQL Server, is the ORDER BY clause allowed during the creation of a view?
16. Is SELECT INTO allowed in a view? Why or why not?
17. Where is the data stored in a view?
18. How do you delete views?
19. How do you delete a temporary table?
20. Do you need to delete a local temporary table? Why or why not?
21. Which operators have the highest/lowest precedence?
22. In SQL Server, if a column of FLOAT data type were divided by a column of REAL data type, what data type would the resulting column have? (Hint: refer to the section on Data Type Preference.)
23. Is an ORDER BY clause necessary when you use a DISTINCT? Why or why not?

Part - 7

1. What are the major differences between the UNION operation and the JOIN operation?
2. What is the major difference between the UNION and the UNION ALL?
3. What major set operator does SQL Server 2005 not have? How can these problems be resolved?
4. What does union compatibility mean?
5. What data types are union-compatible?
6. What is the maximum number of rows that can result from a UNION of two tablesone with 5 rows and the other with 6 rows?
7. What is the maximum number of rows that can result from a JOIN of two tablesone with 5 rows and the other with 6 rows?
8. How can a UNION be used to implement an outer join? Explain.
9. Does SQL Server 2005 support the MINUS operation? How can this be resolved? Give examples.
10. What is a full outer join? Does SQL Server 2005 directly support a full outer join?
11. Do you need the same number of columns to perform a union?
12. Do you need the same data types to perform a union?
13. Do you need the same number of columns to perform a join?
14. From the examples given in the chapter, what does the UNION JOIN appear to do?
15. If a VARCHAR column were unioned with a CHAR column, what would the resulting column be? (Hint: refer to the "Data Type Precedence" section in Chapter 6.)
16. What does set compatibility mean?
17. What is the maximum number of rows that can result from a INTERSECT of two tablesone with 5 rows and the other with 6 rows?
18. Do you need the same number of columns to perform an INTERSECT operation?
19. Do you need the same data types to perform an INTERSECT operation?

Part - 8

1. What is a subquery?
2. Which part of the query/subquery is considered the inner query, and which part is considered the outer query?
3. Can a subquery always be done as a join? Why or why not?
4. When writing a query that will have a subquery, how do you determine which table/tables will go in the outer query?
5. Which predicate can usually be reformulated into a join?
6. When using operators, are many values acceptable from a result of a subquery?
7. What can you do to insure a working subquery?

Part -9

1. What do aggregate functions do?
2. How does the GROUP BY clause work?
3. What is the difference between a GROUP BY and ORDER BY?
4. What is the HAVING clause used for?
5. Can the WHERE clause always be considered a substitute for the HAVING clause? Why or why not?
6. Do functions of functions have to be handled in a special way in Server SQL 2005?
7. Will nulls in grouped columns be included in a result set?
8. How do aggregate functions treat nulls?
9. Does the sequence of the columns in a GROUP BY clause have an effect on the end result?
10. When would it not make sense to use the GROUP BY and DISTINCT functions together?
11. Is GROUP BY affected by nulls?
12. Which comes first in a SELECT statement, an ORDER BY or GROUP BY? Why?
13. The GROUP BY and ________________ clauses are used together.

Part -10

1. What is a noncorrelated subquery?
2. Which type of subquery can be executed on its own?
3. Which part of a query is evaluated first, the query or the subquery?
4. What are correlated subqueries?
5. What does the EXISTS predicate do?
6. What are considered universal qualifiers?
7. Is correlation necessary when we use EXISTS? Why?
8. Explain how the "for all" type SQL query involves a double-nested correlated subquery using the NOT EXISTS predicate.

Mirrors : Story

Mirrors : Story

All faces in world are mirrors

Long ago in a small, far away village, there was a place known as House of 1000 Mirrors.

A small, happy little dog learned of this place and decided to visit. When he arrived, he bounced happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. He looked through the doorway with his ears lifted high and his tail wagging as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself staring at 1000 other happy little dogs with their tails wagging just as fast as his. He smiled a great smile, and was answered with 1000 great smiles just as warm and friendly. As he left the House, he said to himself, “This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit it often.”

In this same village, another little dog, who was not quite as happy as the first one, decided to visit the house. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head low as he looked into the door. When he saw the 1000 unfriendly looking dogs staring back at him, he growled at them and was horrified to see 1000 little dogs growling back at him. As he left, he said to himself, “That is a horrible place, and I will never go back there again.”

Lyricist Gulzar has narrated this in 3 beautiful lines-

Aao hum sab pehenle aaine
Saare dekhenge apna hi chehra
Sabko saarein haseen lagenge yahan

All the faces in the world are mirrors. What kind of reflections do you see in the faces of the people you meet? Observer this next time

How to Learn Disable USB Devices in Windows?

How to Disable USB Devices in Windows?

Open Your Windows Registry then Try the following

1. Always backup your registry in case you mess up something
2. Open regedit and change the key value ‘Start’
of ‘HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USbStor” to 4.

Value 4 – Storage USB devices are disabled
Value 3 – Storage USB devices are enabled

How to learn Microsoft Outlook - Keyboard Short cuts

Microsoft Outlook - Keyboard Short cuts

Here are a list of shortcuts to help you move faster in Microsoft Outlook:
Alt + . (period) Open the Address Book with the To field selected


Alt + A Open the Action drop-down menu


Alt + B Open the Address Book with the BCC field selected


Alt + C Select message recipients for CC field


Alt + D Switch to Daily calendar view


Alt + E Open the Edit drop-down menu
Alt + F Open the File drop-down menu


Alt + G Open the Go drop-down menu


Alt + H Open the Help drop-down menu


Alt + I Open the Find tool bar / Open the Insert drop-down menu


Alt + J Move to the Subject field


Alt + K Check names in the To, CC, or BCC field against the Address Book
(cursor must be in the corresponding message header field)


Alt + L Reply All


Alt + M Switch to Monthly calendar view


Alt + N Open the Accounts drop-down menu


Alt + O Open the Format drop-down menu / Switch to Today calendar view


Alt + P Open the Message Options dialog box


Alt + R Reply / Switch to Work Week Calendar view


Alt + S Send


Alt + T Open the Tools drop-down menu
Alt + V Open the View drop-down menu


Alt + W Forward an item / Switch to Weekly calendar view


Alt + Y Switch to Daily calendar view


Ctrl + 1 Go to Mail


Ctrl + 2 Go to Calendar


Ctrl + 3 Go to Contacts


Ctrl + 4 Go to Tasks


Ctrl + 5 Go to Notes


Ctrl + 6 Go to Folder List


Ctrl + 7 Go to Shortcuts


Ctrl + 8 Go to Journal


Ctrl + A Select all


Ctrl + B Bold when editing a rich text message


Ctrl + C Copy


Ctrl + D Delete an item (message, task, contact, etc.)


Ctrl + E Activate the Find drop-down menu / Center Align when editing a rich
text message


Ctrl + F Forward


Ctrl + J Open a new Journal Entry from the selected item (message, task,
contact, etc.)


Ctrl + K Check names in the To, CC, or BCC field against the Address Book
(cursor must be in the corresponding message header field)


Ctrl + M Send/Receive all


Ctrl + O Open


Ctrl + P Print


Ctrl + Q Mark the selected message Read


Ctrl + R Reply


Ctrl + S Save a draft message


Ctrl + T Tab


Ctrl + U Mark the selected message Unread


Ctrl + V Paste


Ctrl + X Cut


Ctrl + Y Go to Folder


Ctrl + Z Undo


Ctrl + Backspace Delete the previous word


Ctrl + End Move to the end


Ctrl + Home Move to the beginning


Ctrl + Shift + A Open a new Appointment


Ctrl + Shift + B Open the Address Book


Ctrl + Shift + C Create a new Contact


Ctrl + Shift + E Open a new folder


Ctrl + Shift + F Open the Advanced Find window


Ctrl + Shift + G Flag message for follow up


Ctrl + Shift + J Open a new Journal Entry


Ctrl + Shift + K Open a new Task


Ctrl + Shift + L Open a new Distribution List


Ctrl + Shift + M Open a new Message


Ctrl + Shift + N Open a new Note


Ctrl + Shift + O Switch to the Outbox


Ctrl + Shift + P Open the New Search Folder window


Ctrl + Shift + Q Open a new Meeting Request


Ctrl + Shift + R Reply All


Ctrl + Shift + S Open a new Discussion


Ctrl + Shift + U Open a new Task Request


Ctrl + Shift + Y Copy a Folder


Shift + Tab Select the previous message header button or field


F1 Open Outlook Help


F3 Activate the Find toolbar


F4 Open the Find window


F7 Spellcheck


F9 Send and receive all


F10 Select File from the Outlook toolbar button


F11 Activate the "Find a contact" dialog box


F12 Save As


Alt + F4 Close the active window

IT Interview Questions

Desktop Engineer - IT Interview Questions

1) What is Active Directory?
A central component of the Windows platform, Active Directory directory service provides the means to manage the identities and relationships that make up network environments. For example we can create, manage and administrator users, computers and printers in the network from active directory.


2) What is DNS? Why it is used? What is "forward lookup" and "reverse lookup" in DNS? What are A records and mx records?
DNS is domain naming service and is used for resolving names to IP address and IP addresses to names. The computer understands only numbers while we can easily remember names. So to make it easier for us what we do is we assign names to computers and websites. When we use these names (Like yahoo.com) the computer uses DNS to convert to IP address (number) and it executes our request.


Forward lookup: Converting names to IP address is called forward lookup.


Reverse lookup: Resolving IP address to names is called reverse lookup.


'A' record: Its called host record and it has the mapping of a name to IP address. This is the record in DNS with the help of which DNS can find out the IP address of a name.


'MX' Record: its called mail exchanger record. Its the record needed to locate the mail servers in the network. This record is also found in DNS.


3) What id DHCP? Why it is used? What are scopes and super scopes?


DHCP: Dynamic host configuration protocol. Its used to allocate IP addresses to large number of PCs in a network environment. This makes the IP management very easy.


Scope: Scope contains IP address like subnet mask, gateway IP, DNS server IP and exclusion range which a client can use to communicate with the other PCs in the network.


Superscope: When we combine two or more scopes together its called super scope.


4) What are the types of LAN cables used? What is a cross cable?
Types of LAN cables that are in use are "Cat 5" and "Cat 6". "Cat 5" can support 100 Mbps of speed and "CAT 6" can support 1Gbps of speed.


Cross cable: Its used to connect same type of devices without using a switch/hub so that they can communicate.


5) What is the difference between a normal LAN cable and cross cable? What could be the maximum length of the LAN cable?
The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45) is different
in cross cable and normal LAN cable.
The theoretical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in speed due to loss of signal.


6) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches?
Cross cable.


7) What is IPCONFIG command? Why it is used?
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to a computer. From the output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP address, gateway IP address assigned to that computer.


8) What is APIPA IP address? Or what IP address is assigned to the computer when the DHCP server is not available?
When DHCP server is not available the Windows client computer assigns an automatic IP address to itself so that it can communicate with the network computers. This ip address is called APIPA. ITs in the range of 169.254.X.X.
APIPA stands for Automatic private IP addressing. Its in the range of 169.254.X.X.


9) What is a DOMAIN? What is the difference between a domain and a workgroup?
Domain is created when we install Active Directory. It's a security boundary which is used to manage computers inside the boundary. Domain can be used to centrally administrator computers and we can govern them using common policies called group policies.
We can't do the same with workgroup.


10) Do you know how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003 for a user?
Please visit the link below to find out how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003. http://www.it.cmich.edu/quickguides/qg_outlook2003_server.asp


11) What is a PST file and what is the difference between a PST file and OST file? What file is used by outlook express?
PST file is used to store the mails locally when using outlook 2000 or 2003. OST file is used when we use outlook in cached exchanged mode. Outlook express used odb file.


12) What is BSOD? What do you do when you get blue screen in a computer? How do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of Death. when there is a hardware or OS fault due to which the windows OS can run it give a blue screen with a code. Best way to resolve it is to boot the computer is "Last known good configuration".
If this doesn't work than boot the computer in safe mode. If it boots up than the problems with one of the devices or drivers.


13) What is RIS? What is Imaging/ghosting?
RIS stands for remote installation services. You save the installed image on a windows server and then we use RIS to install the configured on in the new hardware. We can use it to deploy both server and client OS. Imaging or ghosting also does the same job of capturing an installed image and then install it on a new hardware when there is a need. We go for RIS or imaging/ghosting because installing OS every time using a CD can be a very time consuming task. So to save that time we can go for RIS/Ghosting/imaging.


14) What is VPN and how to configure it?
VPN stands for Virtual private network. VPN is used to connect to the corporate network to access the resources like mail and files in the LAN. VPN can be configured using the steps mentioned in the KB: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305550


15) Your computer slowly drops out of network. A reboot of the computer
fixes the problem. What to do to resolve this issue?
Update the network card driver.


16) Your system is infected with Virus? How to recover the data?
Install another system. Install the OS with the lates patches, Antivirus with latest updates. Connect the infected HDD as secondary drive in the system. Once done scan and clean the secondary HDD. Once done copy the files to the new system.


17) How to join a system to the domain? What type of user can add a system to the domain?
Please visit the article below and read "Adding the Workstation to the Domain" http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/technologi /directory/


18) What is the difference between a switch and a hub?
Switch sends the traffic to the port to which its meant for. Hub sends the traffic to all the ports.


19) What is a router? Why we use it?
Router is a switch which uses routing protocols to process and send the traffic. It also receives the traffic and sends it across but it uses the routing protocols to do so.


20) What are manageable and non manageable switches?
Switches which can be administered are called manageable switches. For example we can create VLAN for on such switch. On no manageable switches we can't do so.